实证分析商贸流通对沿海农业经济增长的影响

以商贸流通对于沿海农业经济增长的问题为研究对象,实证研究结果表明,商贸流通对于农业经济总产值和农业人均可支配收入均具有促进作用.总体而言,商贸流通行业总产值对农业人均可支配收入影响的强度较对农业经济总产值的影响更显著,从而从实证研究角度证明商贸流通有利于沿海经济的增长.提出了应创新商贸流通农业经济运作模式,优化商贸流通农业经济发展环境,加强商贸流通农业经济人才培养,推动商贸流通农业冷链物流发展,构建商贸流通农业经济产业联盟等促进农业经济发展的对策.     

Shortening the generation cycle in faba bean (Vicia faba) by application of cytokinin and cold stress to assist speed breeding

The aim of this study was to reduce the length of the breeding cycle for faba bean by accelerating seed setting. We examined the mode and time of exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (cytokinin) application, and cold treatments and their combinations in two faba bean genotypes. Acropetal node number of pod and seed set and pollen viability were recorded during the experiments. Application of BAP improved pollen germination. The application of 10^–5 M BAP 4 days after flowering increased seed set at the lower nodes. Cold treatment (8/4°C day/night for 2 days) after the onset of flowering induced the formation of more pods and faster pod set compared to the non-cold treatment. The time to first seed was significantly reduced, and pollen viability was increased in plants exposed to cold treatment. Increased pollen viability also showed a significant positive correlation with seed setting. The combinations of 10^–5 BAP and cold treatment together had similar and independent effects. These results will accelerate plant breeding in faba bean by providing additional tools for reducing generation time.     

Herbage production,nutritive value and animal productivity within hardwood silvopasture,open and mixed pasture systems in Appalachia,United States

Demand for livestock food products is projected to increase dramatically through to 2050. Increased livestock production capacity on marginal lands will be critical to meeting this demand. A 5‐year research effort was undertaken to evaluate lamb and sward productivity within open and hardwood silvopasture (SP) systems in Appalachia, USA. Grazing began in mid to late April each year, with the grazing season averaging 141 d. Grazing system treatments during 2002 and 2003 grazing seasons were as follows: 100% open pasture (OP), 67% OP and 33% SP, and 67% OP and 33% SP with delayed SP grazing initiation (OSD). In 2004, a 100% SP (SP) system was added. Animals were rotationally stocked through either 6 (2002–2004) or 7 (2005–2006) paddocks. Open pasture produced greater (P < 0·001) grazing season herbage yield, while all systems generated similar animal performance. Based on summer solstice, herbage production in spring was greater (P < 0·001) than summer, except in 2003. Total non‐structural carbohydrate (TNC) content was greater (P < 0·05) in spring than in summer, except in 2004. Animal performance was superior in spring versus summer (P < 0·001). Animal plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) was lower (P < 0·05) for OP in 2003. When PUN was correlated with nutritive value indicators, the ratio of TNC to crude protein (CP) had the strongest correlation. The strong correlation indicates the need for synchronized ruminal energy and CP availability. Development of silvopasture from existing woodlots has potential to improve whole farm productivity on marginal lands.     

温度和密度对日本医蛭繁殖的影响

在实验室网箱中,研究温度(24±1)℃和(20±1℃)与密度(200尾/箱和100尾/箱)对平均体质量1g左右的日本医蛭Hirudo nipponia亲蛭交配率、减重率、产茧数量和体质量的影响,比较卵茧质量(0.05g、0.05~0.1g和0.1g)对孵出仔蛭数量的影响。结果表明:温度(24±1)℃、密度100尾/箱时亲蛭交配率(86±0.06)%和平均产茧量(0.87±0.14)枚/尾最高;亲蛭产茧后平均体质量下降(32.1±0.059)%;繁殖期间共收集卵茧870枚,孵化率87.47%;平均卵茧质量为(0.11±0.009)g(变化范围0.03g~0.25g);密度和温度对产茧量的影响极显著(P0.01),对卵茧平均质量和长短径的影响不显著(P0.05);(24±1)℃组亲蛭的产茧时间比(20±1)℃组缩短10~15d,单日卵茧最高收集量为43枚,(20±1)℃时单日最高收集量24枚;卵茧共孵出仔蛭5 648尾,随着卵茧质量增加产出的仔蛭数量和质量也增加。     

蚯蚓的化学成分与应用价值研究进展

综述了蚯蚓的化学成分及应用价值,旨在为蚯蚓的综合开发利用提供依据。     

不同品牌椰子汁质量的研究

为了更好地了解市售椰子汁的质量状况,本实验以市场上常见的20种不同品牌的椰子汁为样品,通过测量这20个样品的脂肪含量、可溶性固形物含量、蛋白质含量、酸价以及色差,分析了市售椰子汁的质量状况。结果发现:脂肪、可溶性固形物、蛋白质含量达到国家标准QB/T 2300-2006规定的均有19个样品;被测样品的酸价均值为0.86 mg/g,个别样品酸价较大,色差值(Lab值)的变化揭示了椰子汁在颜色上的差异。     

Development of colchicine‐induced tetraploid St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) lines

St. Augustinegrass is well suited for lawns and commercial landscapes. While many genotypes are cross‐fertile, all cultivars are propagated vegetatively in sod production. To ensure varietal purity, development of sterile triploid hybrids by crossing tetraploid and diploid genotypes has been successfully used in other warm‐season turfgrasses. Applying this model in St. Augustinegrass would be beneficial to sod producers and turf managers who require purity for certification and uniformity for performance, respectively. This study was conducted to develop colchicine‐induced tetraploid lines of St. Augustinegrass. Seeds of cultivar ‘Raleigh’ were treated with four colchicine concentrations at four exposure times. A non‐treated control was included among the treatments. Seedlings that germinated were screened for genome size changes using flow cytometry. Line DSA 13005 and two progeny lines derived through selfing, DSA 16001 and DSA 16016, were corroborated as tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36) through chromosome counts. These lines will be used in future breeding efforts to attempt development of sterile triploid cultivars of St. Augustinegrass.     

基于DPSIR和云模型的宿鸭湖水库水环境安全评估

为了推动水库水环境安全工作的开展,强化水源区水质保护,以宿鸭湖水库为例,应用DPSIR模型建立了水库水环境安全评估的指标体系,通过熵值法确定了各指标的权重,采用云模型对其2015年的水环境安全进行了评估,结果表明：该水库水环境处于较安全等级,但存在安全隐患；由于上游工业废水、居民生活污水、餐饮业的废弃物随着降雨径流汇入水库,再加上水产养殖、观光旅游等人类活动的影响,使其TN、TP的浓度和入库量增加,水库水质难以达标,需引起水库管理部门的重视。结论：云模型可减少评估过程中的不确定性,实现水库水环境安全概念与其定量数值间的合理转换,使其评估结果与实际相符。     

2001—2017年我国优质杂交稻推广应用现状

对2001—2017年中国年推广面积大于0.67万hm²的优质杂交稻品种信息进行了统计分析,主要结果如下:(1)2001—2017年,优质杂交稻组合数大幅增加,从2001年的19个组合、推广面积123.2万hm²增加到2017年的214个组合、推广面积706.2万hm²,所占比例也由不足10%提高到60%;(2)年推广面积达到或超过0.67万hm²的优质两系和三系组合数分别为133和382个,累计推广面积分别达到2 565.9万hm²和5 375.0万hm²;(3)主推组合的整精米率、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、垩白率和垩白度等理化指标得到大幅改善;(4)种业公司更加注重优质两系组合的选育和推广,而省级及以上育种单位在三系组合选育方面更具优势;(5)生产中大面积应用的优质两系不育系有Y58S、广占63S、广占63-4S等,三系不育系有中9A、宜香1A、天丰A等,扬稻6号、广恢998、蜀恢527、华占等则是优质组合的骨干恢复系。还分析了当前品质育种存在的问题,提出了稻米品质改良策略。该研究结果可为优质杂交稻的选育和推广提供借鉴。     

Effect of Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and egg yolk on sperm motility,fertility and hatching rates of depik Rasbora tawarensis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) eggs after short‐term cryopreservation

Cryoprotectant is the crucial factor in the cryopreservation process. In general, there are two types of cryoprotectant, permeating and non‐permeating cryoprotectants. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and egg yolk are common permeating and non‐permeating cryoprotectants respectively. Hence, the objective of the present study was to determine the best proportion of DMSO and egg yolk for the cryopreservation of Rasbora tawarensis sperm. A completely randomized experimental design was used in this study which involves two types of cryoprotectant and their combination at different concentrations, namely 5% DMSO, 5% egg yolk, 5% DMSO + 5% egg yolk and 2.5% DMSO + 2.5% egg yolk. Every treatment was conducted in three replicates. Combination of 5% DMSO + 5% egg yolk gave the best results cryoprotectant treatment had significant effects on sperm motility, fertilization and hatching rate of the R. tawarensis eggs (p < .05). It is concluded that the best proportion of cryoprotectants for sperm cryopreservation in this species is 5% DMSO + 5% egg yolk.